Chapter 2 & 3

The actual origin of the alphabet is unknown. However, there are many theories and loads of evidence that helps scholars know bits of it's origin and how it evolved and changed. First of all it is known that "elementary signs" developed from cuneiform and hieroglyphics. The hundreds of symbols cuneiform used were difficult to remember and only available to an elite few who were trained to write them. The 20-30 signs that were the beginning of alphabet compressed the cuneiform language. It is believed that the Phoenicians played a huge role in spreading this alphabet. Because they were excellent ship makers they were able to travel far distances to trade and share ideas.
The Greeks also had a huge influence on the alphabet. Complex, elaborate, and intricate Arabic was shortened into more geometric shapes. They also changed the method in which the alphabet was written. Brushes and ink were replaced by round nosed utensils. This changed the alphabet into straighter designs. However,the elaborate alphabet is still used by Islamic people and calligraphy is revered as a special talent.
The most interesting thing I learned from this chapter is learning about the changes the Greeks made to the alphabet. Reading it how you would "plow a field with an ox" was an interesting concept to me. It would save time for reading, but I think it would difficult to write because your hand must get used to writing both ways.
I would be interested in knowing if any languages still use this technique.